Which event is marked by the Treaty of Nanjing?

The Treaty of Nanjing, signed in 1842, is historically significant as it marked the conclusion of the First Opium War between China and Britain. This treaty resulted from Britain's military victory, which was largely fueled by trade disputes, particularly concerning opium exportation. The terms of the treaty imposed significant concessions on China, including territorial cessions such as Hong Kong to Britain, and opened up several ports to British trade. This moment was crucial as it symbolized the beginning of what many refer to as the "Century of Humiliation" for China, highlighting the impact of Western imperialism in the region.

The other events mentioned, while important in their own right, are not directly related to the Treaty of Nanjing. The Taiping Rebellion, which occurred later in the mid-19th century, was a significant internal conflict in China but is not connected to the treaty. The establishment of the British Raj refers to British rule in India, which was formalized in 1858 following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The formation of the Indian National Congress occurred in 1885, well after the Treaty of Nanjing, and was aimed at seeking greater representation for Indians in governance rather than dealing with issues related