What term describes the policy of extending a country's power and influence?

The term that describes the policy of extending a country's power and influence is imperialism. This concept typically involves a nation asserting control over other countries or territories through various means, such as military force, economic dominance, or political governance. Throughout history, imperialism has played a significant role in shaping global relationships and has often led to the domination of one nation over others, impacting their cultures, economies, and political structures.

While colonialism is often associated with the physical establishment of colonies and settlements in conquered territories, imperialism encompasses a broader spectrum that includes not just territorial control but also economic and cultural influence. This makes imperialism a more comprehensive term for the policies and practices that lead to a nation's increased power and influence over others. Encomienda refers specifically to a labor system used by the Spanish in the Americas, and a viceroy is a royal official who runs a country or province on behalf of the monarchy. While related to governance in imperial contexts, these terms do not capture the broader policy of extending influence as effectively as imperialism does.