What concept is associated with a desire for national independence and often ties into cultural identity?

The concept that is associated with a desire for national independence and often ties into cultural identity is nationalism. Nationalism emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation or group of people. It fosters a sense of pride in a shared heritage, language, and traditions, leading to movements aimed at establishing or maintaining sovereignty and independence. Throughout history, nationalist movements have played a significant role in the quest for self-determination, particularly in regions seeking independence from colonial powers or oppressive regimes.

Nationalism can manifest in various forms, including cultural nationalism, which focuses on preserving the customs and identity of a specific group, and political nationalism, which seeks to form or enhance a nation-state. By resonating with people's feelings of belonging and identity, nationalism can inspire efforts to achieve political autonomy or independence, reinforcing the connection between cultural identity and national aspirations.

The other concepts listed, while significant in their own rights, do not specifically relate to the desire for national independence in the same direct manner that nationalism does. Progressivism is more about social reforms and advocating for changes in governance, collectivism centers on group ownership and the communal good, and feminism focuses on gender equality and women's rights, rather than national identity.